Uralic etymology : Query result

Number: 1200

Proto: *aćV (*oćV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: early

German meaning: früh, zeitig, erst

Mari (Cheremis): ažnǝ̑ (KB), ožno (U B) 'früher, vormals', (B) ošso 'alt, früher'

Udmurt (Votyak): vaǯ́ (S), vaź (K), waź 'früh, zeitig, eher, erst'

Komi (Zyrian): voʒ́ (S), oʒ́ (P), uʒ́ (PO) 'früh'

K. Redei's notes: Mari -nǝ, -no are case suffixes, Mari -so is denominative. To separate from Mord. vaśńa (*waśe-) 'zuerst, anfangs'

Number: 1201

Proto: *ajša

English meaning: axle

German meaning: Deichsel

Mordovian: ažija (E), ažjä (M)

Udmurt (Votyak): vajiǯ, vajǯ (S), vajiž, vajž (K), vaiž, važ (J) 'Gabeldeichsel', vajị̑ž (G) 'Deichsel'

Komi (Zyrian): vož, dod-vož (S, V), o̯ž (SO), ož (P), wǫš-juχ (Kaz.), uš (Ni.)

Sammalahti's version: *ooši [Sehr schlecht! - EH]

K. Redei's notes: Komi juχ 'Baum'; Komi is borrowed in Khanty uč, uč-juɣ 'Deichsel der Hundenarte' ; FW from IIr. *aiša- 'Deichsel' . The Finn. aisa is borrowed from PBalt *aisō.

Number: 1202

Proto: *ajta

English meaning: construction standing on poles

German meaning: auf Pfählen stehendes Vorratshaus

Finnish: aitta (> Saam N ai'te, L aihte)

Estonian: ait, Gen. aida

Mordovian: utomo (E), utom (M)

K. Redei's notes: Mord. -mo, -m are denominatives, Finn. -tt- is secondary. Finn. is probably not from Baltic (no such forms are known). Khanty wătǝʌ 'балаган' (Trj.), waʌttǝ 'шалаш из березовой коры' (Toivonen FUF 16:224) do not belong here for phonetic reasons.

Number: 1203

Proto: *akšte-rV (*akšV-terV)

English meaning: barren, fruitless

German meaning: gelt, güst, unfruchtbar

Finnish: ahtera, ahder (Gen. ahteren) 'geschlechtlos, gelt, unfruchtbar'

Estonian: aher (Gen. ahtra) 'güst, nicht milchend, unfruchtbar'

Mordovian: ekšt́eŕ, jakšt́eŕ (E), äšt́eŕ (M)

K. Redei's notes: The suff. is -rV or -terV. Mord. e, ä are influenced by the protetic j-. Hung. ester 'samelos' does not belong here, a borrowing from Romanian.

Number: 1204

Proto: *ampV

English meaning: to throw; shoot

German meaning: werfen; schiessen

Finnish: ampu- (> Saam ambo)

Estonian: ambu, Gen. ambu, amb, Gen. ammu, ammu, Gen. ammu 'Bogen'

Saam (Lapp): ab'bo (N) 'to boil over', àm̄^bpα (Kld.) 'anschwellen, überkochen'

Udmurt (Votyak): ̊i̮b- (S), ǝ̑b- (K), ị̑bị̑- 'to shoot, to throw'

Sammalahti's version: ampa-

K. Redei's notes: Finn. -u-, Saam -o- are verbal suffixes.

Number: 1205

Proto: *antV (*ontV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: young grass, shoot

German meaning: junges Gras, Schössling, Rasen

Mari (Cheremis): oδar (МРС) 'побег, ветвь'

Udmurt (Votyak): urt- (S K), ud-ńań (S), urt-ńań (K) 'Wintersaat, Winterkorn', ud-murt (S), urt-mort (K) 'Wotjak'

Komi (Zyrian): od 'всходы, росток'

K. Redei's notes: Proto-Udm. *od > Mari oδǝ 'Udmurt'. FP < IIR *andhas 'Kraut, Somagetrank'. Udm. urt- is contaminated with murt 'man'.

Number: 1206

Proto: *ańćV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to see, look

German meaning: sehen, schauen

Mari (Cheremis): anže- (KB), ońće- 'blicken', onče- (B)

Udmurt (Votyak): adʒ́- (K), adǯ́- (S), aʒ́ʒ́ị̑-

Komi (Zyrian): aʒ́ʒ́i̮- (S P), ȧʒ́ʒ́i- (PO), aʒ́ʒ́e̮d-

K. Redei's notes: Perm. *a > a influenced by ʒ́. Komi is probably borrowed in Khanty ɔśatǝjt- 'пялиться', Mansi ɔ̄śet-

Number: 1208

Proto: *äje

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: big; father

German meaning: gross; Vater

Finnish: äijä 'man, guy', dial. äijä(n) 'many', äiji 'Grossvater'

Estonian: äi, gen.äia, äie 'Grossvater, Schwiegervater'

Saam (Lapp): ag'gja (N) 'grandfather, old man, fellow', ājja (Kld.), adjā (L)

Udmurt (Votyak): aj, ajị̑ (S, K, G) 'father', ajǝ̑ 'Männchen'

Komi (Zyrian): aj 'father, grandfather' (Peč., P, PO), ajka (S, P, PO) 'Vater des Mannes, Gatte'

Sammalahti's version: *äjjä

K. Redei's notes: Komi > Mansi ɔ̄jka 'Ehemann', Komi or Mansi > Khanty ɔjka 'alt Mann, Greis'

Addenda: Kar. äijä 'many', Olon. äijä,äijü

Number: 1209

Proto: *ältV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: female animal: female deer, horse

German meaning: weibliches Tier: Rentierkuh, Stute

Saam (Lapp): al'do 'full-grown reindeer female which has a calf in that year' (N), altō (L), ālta 'alte Reinkuh' (T)

Mordovian: eĺd́e, iĺd́ä (E), äĺd́ä, j äĺd́ä 'mare'

K. Redei's notes: Saam -o is probably a derivative suffixe; Mord. ɛ > i/ _ĺ.

Number: 1210

Proto: *älwä

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: understanding, reason; to understand

German meaning: Verstand, Vernunft; verstehen, begreifen

Finnish: äly; älyä- 'to understand'

Saam (Lapp): iel'vē-, äl'vē- 'to observe, to discover' (L)

Komi (Zyrian): al, av 'mind, reason', avja 'höflich, klug', alji-, avji- (P) 'gelingen haben, gut fortkommen'

K. Redei's notes: Komi > Khanty alamǝ-, alemǝ- 'успеть', Mansi ālim- 'Zeit haben'. Fin. -y is a derivative suffixe; Fin. *-lvü > -ly.

Number: 1214

Proto: *ćäčkä

English meaning: pure, white

German meaning: rein, weiß; rein, weiß erscheinen

Saam (Lapp): čæs'ka- 'look snow-white', čæs'kâd 'pure white' (N)

Komi (Zyrian): ćoćke̮m 'pure, nice, accurate' (SM, Skr), ćoćkom (P) 'white'

K. Redei's notes: Komi -m is a derivative suffiixe.

References: Wichmann: FUF 11 :263; Toivonen: FUF 19:132; Uotila: MSFOu. 65:423, SyrjChr. 167; Lytkin, VokPerm. 99; ESK

Number: 1215

Proto: *ćäje-rV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: thigh, calf (of leg)

German meaning: Stiel, Schaft; (in der Grundsprache möglicherweise nur in Komposita mit den Wörtern 'Bein' und 'Hand') Schienbein, Unterarm'

Finnish: śäsääri 'Unterschenkel, Bein, Wade'

Estonian: säär, Gen. sääre 'Schenkel'

Mordovian: pil'ge-śejeŕks 'Unterbein', ked'-ś. 'Unterarm' (E), śäjäŕ (M)

Komi (Zyrian): će̮r (Ud., V); će̮re̮s (Peč.), ću̇rös (PO) 'Strumpf'

K. Redei's notes: Komi će̮rs 'die Spule, Spindel' does not belong here for semantic reasons. Ugr. *s8r3 does not belong here for phonetic reasons.

References: Ahlqvist, MMdGr. 171; Europaeus: Suomi 1868:129; MUSz. 278; VglWb. 653; Munkacsi: NyK 25 : 180; Genetz: VähKirj. 23 : 32; Setälä: FUF 2:261; s-Laute 120; Gombocz: NyK 39:242; NyH⁷; Ravila: FUF 20: 116; Toivonen: Vir. 1937:140, FUFA 28:253; Uotila: FUF 26:174, SyrjChr. 165; SzöfSz.; E. Itkonen: FUF 30:17; MSzFgrE 130.

Number: 1216

Proto: *ćäkće

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to jump, hop

German meaning: springen, hüpfen

Saam (Lapp): ? čiek'čâ- -vč- 'to kick' (N), tjiektja- (L)

Mari (Cheremis): ćüćke- (U M B) 'to dance in the place'

Udmurt (Votyak): tetč́i̮- (S), tekč́ǝ̑- (K), č́etč́i̮- (M) 'to spring once'

Komi (Zyrian): ćećći̮- 'to spring up'(S P PO)

K. Redei's notes: Finn. syökse- 'to overthrow' phonetically is not here.

References: Wichmann: FUF 6:36, 11:263; Uotila: MSFOu. 65:31; SKES; ESK.

Number: 1217

Proto: *će̮lta (*ćōlta)

English meaning: to pull (out); throw; separate

German meaning: (aus)ziehen; werfen; absondern

Finnish: suolta- 'ziehen; gleiten lassen; allmählich ausziehen, ausreissen und verschütten'

Saam (Lapp): čuol'de- -ld- 'separate, single out, sort; weave a band for Läpp brogues or a belt with ornaments in the weaving' (N), tjuolte- 'ausscheiden, aus-, absondern, sortieren; Leute nicht gleichmäßig, unterschiedlich behandeln (bes. bei der Zuteilung von Essen; auch: Haustiere in dieser Weise behandeln); eine Rentierherde in zwei Teile teilen; ein Erbe teilen (unter die Erben); beim Weben die Kettenfдden eines Gewebes (mit der Webspule) unterschiedlich anheben und so verschiedene Muster bilden' (L)

Udmurt (Votyak): ćelti̮-, č́elt- (Wied.) 'werfen', (Wichm.: FUF 11 :260) S J M će̮lti̮-: pus ć. 'losen' (pus 'Zeichen, Merkzeichen, Merkmal; Stempel, Einschnitt, Kerbe'), G će̮ltị̑- 'werfen, hineinwerfen, den Verstorbenen die Libation darbringen'

Komi (Zyrian): će̮lt- (S) , će̮vt- (P) '(das Netz) auswerfen, (die Angelleine ins Wasser) werfen (S), ausschöpfen (z.B. Suppe aus dem Kessel in die Schüssel) (S P), (sich die Kleider) ausziehen (P), pud ć. 'Los werfen, losen' (russ. пуд), PO ćȯ^.lt- 'ausziehen (ein Kleid)'

K. Redei's notes: Auf Grund der perm. Sprachen ist urperm. *ȯ̯ anzunehmen. In den wotj. Formen ćelti̮-, č́elt- wurde unter dem Einfluß des anlautenden ć, č́ e̮>e. Syrj. ȯ in PO ćȯ ̇lt- ist unregelmäßig.

References: Wichmann: FUF 11:260; Uotila: MSFOu. 65: 333, SyrjChr. 166: E. Itkonen: MSFOu. 79:61, FUFA 27:35, LpChr. 92; Lytkin, VokPerm. 64, 158; SKES; ESK

Number: 1218

Proto: *ćilV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: all; whole

German meaning: alles; ganz

Mari (Cheremis): cilä (KB), U B ćǝ̑la 'alle, alles', (Ramst.) KB cǝlt 'alles, ganz und gar' ?

Udmurt (Votyak): č́i̮lk-ak (S) 'im ganzen, rein', (Wichm.) G ćil'k-ak: ć. med u̇śoz 'mögen (die Körner) gleich herausfallen', (Wichm.: FUF 6:35) M č́i̮lk-ak 'ganz und gar, gänzlich', S č́i̮lki̮t 'rein, klar' ?

Komi (Zyrian): ćiĺ (PO) 'совсем, совершенно'

K. Redei's notes: Wotj. k ist ein Ableitungssuffix, ak eine Verstärkungspartikel. Syrj. l' wurde unter dem assimilierenden Einfluß des ć aus früherem *l palatalisiert.

References: Wichmann: FUF 6: 35; Toivonen: FUF 20:59; Lytkin: SFU 2:120; ESK

Number: 1219

Proto: *ćilV-mV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: fang (of predators)

German meaning: Eckzahn (von Raubtieren)

Saam (Lapp): čâlam (N) 'fang of an animal (e.g. of a dog)', L tjalān 'Eckzahn, Fangzahn (bei Raubtieren)', K (T. I. Itk., WbKKlp. 642) Kld. tš́a̮ллan, Ko. P tša̮ɫɫȧ̮m 'Hauzahn (des Hundes, Raubtieres)'

Mordovian: ćiĺem-, ćiĺim- (E), M śeĺäń-, ćiĺäń-: ć. pej, ś. pej 'Überzahn' (pej 'Zahn')

K. Redei's notes: Läpp. und mord. m ist wohl ein denom. Substantivsuffix. Mord. n ist sekundär.

References: S-Laute 55.

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